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Description:
Hippoporina verrilli
is an encrusting species having calcified colonies. Individual zooids are regular in shape,
and generally quadrangular. They measure approximately 0.02 X 0.01 inches, but
older colonies grow as large as 0.02 X 0.015 inches. A slightly raised rim separates
zooids from one another. Ten to twenty regularly-spaced pores perforate the
frontal surface of individual zooids. The horseshoe-shaped lophophore
surrounding the mouth measures approximately 0.02 inches in diameter and bears 12
tentacles. Avicularia are highly variable,
and absent in some colonies. If present, they may occur on either side, or on both sides of the orifice.
Body color in specimens from the Indian River Lagoon is ivory or beige;
however, shades of yellow to red are common in specimens from other areas..
Habitat:
Typical habitat for bryozoans in the Indian River
Lagoon include seagrasses, mangrove roots, drift algae, oyster reef, dock,
pilings, breakwaters, and man-made debris. H. verrilli was typically found
encrusting wood, shell and other hard substrata.
It is commonly
collected in areas where salinity falls below 30‰.
Range:
H. verrilli is
widely distributed from Cape
Cod to Brazil. In the Pacific, it is found from the Gulf of California to
the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. H. verrilli is
a highly abundant and well known fouling organism within the Indian River
Lagoon.
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SEM of Hippoporina verrilli, an
encrusting bryozoan. Note the pores perforating the frontal
surface, and the distinct umbo under each orifice. Photo by J.
Winston, courtesy of the American Museum of Natural History. Used with
permission.
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Seagrasses as well as floating macroalgae, provide
support for bryozoan colonies. In turn, bryozoans provide habitat for many
species of juvenile fishes and their invertebrate prey such as polychaete worms,
amphipods and copepods.
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