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Description:
The wood stork is a tall wading bird that reaches a height of approximately
50 inches, with a wingspan of 65 inches. Body color is white overall,
except for the short tail, primary, and secondary feathers, which are black.
The head and upper neck are black or gray in color, bare, and scaly.
The bill is typically gray, elongate and downcurved, thick at its base.
The legs are long and gray in color, with the feet being pink. Wood
storks are considered endangered, with fewer than 5,000 pairs of birds
nesting each year, down from estimates of over 20,000 pairs in the 1930's,
and 10,000 pairs in 1960.
Habitat:
Wood storks utilize a variety of habitats in freshwater and brackish
wetlands. They prefer to nest in cypress and mangrove swamps;
but feed in freshwater ponds, tidal creeks, salt marshes, mangrove swamps
and mudflats.
Range:
Wood storks range from South Carolina through both coasts of Florida, with
additional population pockets in Alabama, Mississippi, central Louisiana,
and southeastern Texas. To the south, the range extends through
Mexico, Central America and South America to Argentina. Breeding in
the United States is now restricted to parts of Florida, Georgia and South
Carolina, though historically, breeding occurred throughout much of the
southern United States.
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Wood storks wade while feeding in a marsh.
Photo courtesy of C. Feller, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center.
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Resting wood stork on the banks of the
Indian River Lagoon. Photo courtesy K. Hill, Smithsonian Marine
Station.
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Wood storks feed by a method called tacto-location. They wade in
shallow water with their bills partially open. When a prey item,
such as a fish touches the beak, it snaps shut. This action
takes only 25 milliseconds to occur - one of the fastest reflexes ever
recorded in a vertebrate animal!
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