Diatoms

Back to Protists

Diatom Glossary

Division Bacillariophyta DIATOMS

Many microalgal groups, including diatoms, are in a state of taxonomic flux due to advances in optical science and, particularly, genetic analysis. Whereas in the 19th century diatoms were considered to consist of one family, by the mid-20th century they were assumed to be a single class, Bacillariophyceae, with two orders, Centrales and Pennales. In 1990, the benchmark book ‘The Diatoms’ (Round et al. 1990) proposed three classes (Coscinodiscophyceae, Fragilariophyceae and Bacillariophyceae) with 11 subclasses and 45 orders. Based on a combination of morphology, ultrastructure, life history details and molecular genetics, Medlin and Kaczmarska (2004) emended the Coscinodiscophyceae and Bacillariophyceae of Round et al. (1990), and established a new class, Mediophyceae, which they proposed as phylogenetically based. This taxonomic arrangement has not been generally accepted as yet (Williams & Kociolek 2007, 2011; rebuttal by Medlin 2010; Theriot et al. 2009). One of the more controversial changes is the transfer of the order Thalassiosirales from Coscinodiscophyceae to Mediophyceae.		Figure 1. Valve view of the diatom, Biddulphia sp. (Mediophyceae). Scanning electron mircoscope (SEM) image by Paul Hargraves.
		Figure 2. Valve view of the diatom, Mastogloia sp. (raphid Bacillariophyceae). SEM image by Paul Hargraves.

For the sake of organization, the diatoms are grouped in this inventory alphabetically within the classes following Medlin and Kaczmarska (2004), with no implications for strict phylogenetic relationships, and exclusive of order or family organization for which there is continual and considerable controversy. A substantial number of genera apportioned in these classes have yet to be analyzed by molecular genetic techniques, so their placement in classes here is based on their morphological affinities.

Figure 3. SEM images from left to right: Chaetoceros sp. spore; valve view of Cyclotella sp.; girdle view of Thalassiosira sp. All images by Paul Hargraves.


Figure 4. Live diatom images via compound light microscope, from left to right: Licmophora sp. (Photo by L. Holly Sweat); Chaetoceros lorenzianus (Photo by Paul Hargraves) and Odontella sinensis (Photo courtesy of Kelli Zargiel, Florida Institute of Technology).

GENERAL MORPHOLOGY OF A DIATOM CELL

The entire diatom cell is called a frustule, with a cell wall of hydrated silicon dioxide (i.e. glass). In its simplest form, it has three main components: two valves and a girdle, also called the cingulum. The two valves are called the epivalve and the hypovalve.

Between the two valves, in most cases, are a varying number of partially or wholly circumferential siliceous bands, which combine to form the girdle or cingulum (G). If there are multiple girdle bands, the one closest to the valve is called the valvocopula; the other bands are called simply copulae, intercalary bands, or pleurae. The epivalve and its associated bands (Se + Ge) are called the epitheca (E); the hypovalve and its associated bands (Sh + Gh) are the hypotheca (H). The epitheca overlaps the hypotheca. The upper surface of a valve (S) is often called a valve ‘face’; the sloping surface leading to the girdle bands is the mantle (m). The transition from valve face to mantle may be gradual or abrupt.

In the microscope, diatom cells may be seen, depending on their dimensions, either from the top (‘valve view’) or from the side (‘girdle view’). In a cell that is radially symmetrical (Figure 5A, so-called ‘centric’ diatoms), the width of a cell is the diameter (D). The distance from the epitheca surface through the frustule to the hypotheca surface is the pervalvar axis (P).

In a cell that is bilaterally symmetrical (Figure 5B, so-called ‘pennate’ diatoms), its length is called the apical axis (A) and the width is the transapical axis (T). Detailed descriptions of diatom cell morphology are found in Round et al. (1990) and Hasle & Syvertsen (1997).

Figure 5A. Diagram of a centric diatom. Image modified from Cupp 1943.

Figure 5B. Diagram of a pennate diatom. Image modified from Cupp 1943.

IRL DIATOMS

The following list is composed of species that have been reported as present in the IRL system in refereed publications, and have been adjusted for taxonomic and nomenclatural changes; some require further verification. Genera in literature records lacking an epithet have been deleted from this list. Practically speaking, this is only fractionally complete – many diatom taxa have yet to be identified and verified. For more information on the origin and validity of names, see: www.algaebase.org.

Many of the organisms in the following table are linked to their species profiles on the Encyclopedia of Life website. To view these profiles, click on the EOL logo to the right of the scientific name.

CLASS	SCIENTIFIC NAME

Mediophyceae	Amphitetras antediluvianum
Mediophyceae	Auliscus caelatus v. strigillata
Mediophyceae	Auliscus pruinosus EOL
Mediophyceae	Auliscus punctatus EOL
Mediophyceae	Auliscus radiatus EOL
Mediophyceae	Auliscus reticulatus EOL
Mediophyceae	Auliscus sculptus v. rhipis
Mediophyceae	Bacteriastrum delicatulum EOL
Mediophyceae	Bacteriastrum hyalinum EOL
Mediophyceae	Bellerochea horologicalis EOL
Mediophyceae	Biddulphia biddulphiana EOL
Mediophyceae	Biddulphia tuomeyi EOL
Mediophyceae	Cerataulina pelagica EOL
Mediophyceae	Cerataulus smithii EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros aequatorialis EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros affinis EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros anastomosans EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros atlanticus EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros brevis EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros cinctus EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros coarctatus EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros compressus EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros costatus EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros constrictus EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros curvisetus EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros danicus EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros debilis EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros decipiens EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros diadema EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros didymus EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros didymus v. anglicus
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros diversus EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros eibenii EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros laciniosus EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceors lauderi
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros lorenzianus EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros lorenzianus v. forceps
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros messanensis EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros minimus EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros muelleri EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros neogracilis EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros pelagicus EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros pendulus EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros peruvianus EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros protuberans EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros simplex EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros socialis EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros subtilis EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros teres EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros tortissimus EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros vistulae EOL
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros wighami
Mediophyceae	Chaetoceros willei EOL
Mediophyceae	Climacodium frauenfeldianum EOL
Mediophyceae	Cymatosira belgica EOL
Mediophyceae	Cymatosira lorenziana EOL
Mediophyceae	Ditylum brightwellii EOL
Mediophyceae	Eucampia cornuta EOL
Mediophyceae	Eucampia zodiacus EOL
Mediophyceae	Helicotheca tamesis EOL
Mediophyceae	Hemiaulus hauckii EOL
Mediophyceae	Hemiaulus membranaceus EOL
Mediophyceae	Hemiaulus sinensis EOL
Mediophyceae	Isthmia enervis EOL
Mediophyceae	Lampriscus shadboltianum EOL
Mediophyceae	Lithodesmium undulatum EOL
Mediophyceae	Mastodiscus radiatus
Mediophyceae	Minidiscus comicus EOL
Mediophyceae	Minutocellus polymorphus EOL
Mediophyceae	Odontella aurita EOL
Mediophyceae	Odontella aurita v. minuscule
Mediophyceae	Odontella longicruris EOL
Mediophyceae	Odontella mobiliensis EOL
Mediophyceae	Odontella obtusa EOL
Mediophyceae	Odontella regia EOL
Mediophyceae	Odontella reticulata
Mediophyceae	Odontella rhombus EOL
Mediophyceae	Odontella sinensis Non-Native EOL
Mediophyceae	Planktoniella sol EOL
Mediophyceae	Pleurosira laevis EOL
Mediophyceae	Shionodiscus oestrupii v. venrickae EOL
Mediophyceae	Skeletonema costatum EOL
Mediophyceae	Skeletonema menzelii EOL
Mediophyceae	Skeletonema tropicum EOL
Mediophyceae	Terpsinöe americana EOL
Mediophyceae	Terpsinöe musica EOL
Mediophyceae	Thalassiosira aestivalis EOL
Mediophyceae	Thalassiosira anguste-lineata EOL
Mediophyceae	Thalassiosira binata EOL
Mediophyceae	Thalassiosira decipiens EOL
Mediophyceae	Thalassiosira diporocyclus EOL
Mediophyceae	Thalassiosira eccentrica EOL
Mediophyceae	Thalassiosira exigua EOL
Mediophyceae	Thalassiosira gravida EOL
Mediophyceae	Thalassiosira hyalina EOL
Mediophyceae	Thalassiosira lineata EOL
Mediophyceae	Thalassiosira lundiana EOL
Mediophyceae	Thalassiosira minima EOL
Mediophyceae	Thalassiosira minuscula EOL
Mediophyceae	Thalassiosira nanolineata
Mediophyceae	Thalassiosira proschkinae EOL
Mediophyceae	Thalassiosira rotula EOL
Mediophyceae	Thalassiosira subtilis EOL
Mediophyceae	Thalassiosira weissflogii EOL
Mediophyceae	Triceratium biquadratum
Mediophyceae	Triceratium dubium EOL
Mediophyceae	Triceratium favus EOL
Mediophyceae	Triceratium favus f. quadrata
Mediophyceae	Triceratium pentacrinus EOL
Mediophyceae	Triceratium pentacrinus f. quadrata
Mediophyceae	Trigonium alternans EOL
Mediophyceae	Trigonium reticulum EOL


Coscinodiscophyceae	Aulacodiscus argus EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Aulacoseira islandica EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Actinocyclus normanii EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Actinocyclus octonarius EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Actinocyclus octonarius v. crassus EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Actinocyclus octonarius v. tenellus EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Actinoptychus senarius EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Actinoptychus splendens EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Corethron hystrix EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Coscinodiscus centralis EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Coscinodiscus granii EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Coscinodiscus perforatus EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Coscinodiscus radiatus EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Coscinodiscus wailesii Non-Native EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Cyclotella atomus EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Cyclotella choctawhatcheeana EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Cyclotella meneghiniana EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Cyclotella striata EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Cyclotella stylorum EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Dactyliosolen fragilissima
Coscinodiscophyceae	Detonula pumila EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Discostella stelligera EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Guinardia delicatula EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Guinardia flaccida EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Guinardia striata EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Hyalodiscus scoticus EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Hyalodiscus subtilis EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Lauderia annulata EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Leptocylindrus danicus EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Leptocylindrus minimus EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Lithodesmium intricatum EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Lithodesmium undulatum EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Melosira lineata EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Melosira moniliformis EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Melosira nummuloides EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Neocalyptrella robusta EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Palmerina hardmaniana EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Paralia sulcata EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Podosira hormoides EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Podosira montagnei EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Podosira stelligera EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Proboscia alata EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Proboscia indica EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Pseudosolenia calcar-avis EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Rhizosolenia bergonii EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Rhizosolenia castracanei EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Rhizosolenia hebetata f. semispina EOL
Coscinodiscophyceae	Rhizosolenia setigera EOL


Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Ardissonea fulgens EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Ardissonea pulcherrima
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Ardissonea robusta EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Asterionellopsis glacialis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Bleakeleya notata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Campylosira cymbelliformis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Catacombas gaillonii EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Climacosphenia elongata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Delphineis surirella EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Delphineis surirella v. australis
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Dimeregramma minor EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Dimeregramma minor v. nana EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Falcula hyalina
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Fragilaria capucina v. mesolepta EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Fragilaria virescens EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Glyphodesmis williamsonii EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Grammatophora gibberula EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Grammatophora marina EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Grammatophora marina v. tropica
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Grammatophora oceanica EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Grammatophora oceanica v. macilenta EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Grammatophora serpentina EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Hyalosynedra laevigata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Hyalosira interrupta EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Licmophora abbreviata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Licmophora abbreviata f. grunowii
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Licmophora lyngbyei EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Licmophora ehrenbergii EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Licmophora flabellata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Licmophora gracilis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Licmophora paradoxa EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Licmophora remulus EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Lioloma pacificum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Martyana martyi EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Opephora marina EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Opephora mutabilis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Opephora pacifica EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Opephora schwartzii EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Plagiogramma interruptum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Plagiogramma pulchellum v. pygmaea EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Plagiogramma rhombicum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Plagiogrammopsis vanheurckii EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Plagiogrammopsis wallichianum
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Podocystis adriaticum
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Protoraphis atlantica EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Psammodiscus nitidus EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Pseudohimantidium pacificum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Pteroncola inane EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Rhabdonema adriaticum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Rhabdonema arcuatum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Rhaphoneis amphiceros EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Rhaphoneis amphiceros v. gemmifera
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Rhaphoneis castracanei
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Rhaphoneis superba EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Striatella unipunctata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Tabularia fasciculata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Tabularia parva
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Tabularia tabulata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Thalassionema frauenfeldii EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Thalassionema nitzschioides EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Toxarium hennedyanum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Araphid	Trachysphenia acuminata EOL


Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Achnanthes brevipes EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Achnanthes brevipes v. angustata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Achnanthes brevipes v. parvula EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Achnanthes citronella EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Achnanthes curvirostrum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Achnanthes kuwaitensis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Achnanthes longipes EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Achnanthes manifera EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Amphicocconeis disculoides EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Amphora angusta EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Amphora angusta v. ventricosa EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Amphora arenaria EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Amphora caroliniana EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Amphora coffaeformis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Amphora costata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Amphora decussata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Amphora eunotia EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Amphora marina EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Amphora obtusa EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Amphora ocellata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Amphora ostrearia EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Amphora proteoides EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Amphora proteus EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Amphora robusta EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Amphora spectabilis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Amphora terroris EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Anomoeoneis sphaerophora v. sculpta EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Anorthoneis eurystoma EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Anorthoneis excentrica EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Anorthoneis hyalina EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Auricula complexa EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Bacillaria paxillifera EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Berkeleya micans EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Berkeleya rutilans EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Berkeleya scopulorum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Caloneis elongata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Caloneis excentrica EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Campylodiscus daemelianus EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Campylodiscus innominatus EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Capartogramma crucicula EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Climaconeis lorenzii EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Cocconeis brittanica EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Cocconeis convexa EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Cocconeis disculoides EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Cocconeis heteroidea EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Cocconeis pellucida EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Cocconeis placentula EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Cocconeis placentula v. euglypta EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Cocconeis pseudomarginata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Cocconeis scutellum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Cocconeis scutellum v. stauroneiformis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Cocconeis woodii EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Cylindrotheca closterium EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Denticula subtilis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Denticula thermalis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Diadesmis contenta EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Diploneis bombus EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Diploneis crabro EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Diploneis gravelleana EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Diploneis gruendleri EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Diploneis interrupta EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Diploneis oblique
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Diploneis smithii EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Diploneis suborbiculata
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Diploneis vacillans EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Diploneis weissflogii EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Entomoneis alata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Entomoneis pulchra EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Epithemia sorex EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Fallacia amphipleuroides EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Fallacia forcipata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Fallacia hyalinula EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Fallacia litoricola EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Fallacia nummularia EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Frustulia asymmetrica EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Gomphonema acuminatum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Gomphonemopsis littoralis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Gyrosigma baileyi
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Gyrosigma balticum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Gyrosigma fasciola EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Gyrosigma hummii EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Gyrosigma macrum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Gyrosigma peisonis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Gyrosigma variistriatum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Halamphora exigua
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Hantzschia virgata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Haslea wawrickae
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Lyrella abruptoides EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Lyrella approximata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Lyrella atlantica EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Lyrella clavata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Lyrella clavata v. distenta
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Lyrella clavata v. indica
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Lyrella hennedyi EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Lyrella irroratoides EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Lyrella lyra EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Lyrella praetexta EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia acutiuscula v. elliptica EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia angulata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia apiculata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia baldjikiana EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia binotata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia braunii EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia citrus EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia cribrosa EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia crucicula EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia decipiens EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia dicephala EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia elegans EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia erythraea EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia erythraea v. biocellata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia euxina
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia exigua EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia exilis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia fimbriata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia grunowii EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia hustedtii EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia lanceolata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia minutissima EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia omissa
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia ovalis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia paradoxa EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia pisciculus EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia pumila EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia pumila v. papuarum
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia pumila v. africana EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia pusilla EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia pusilla v. subcapitata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia schmidtii
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia smithii EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia splendida EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia subaffirmata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Mastogloia varians EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Navicula carinifera EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Navicula clamans EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Navicula directa EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Navicula fromenterae EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Navicula johanrossii EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Navicula longa EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Navicula longissima
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Navicula maculosa EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Navicula normalis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Navicula pennata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Navicula platyventris EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Navicula pseudocomoides EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Navicula pseudocrassirostris EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Navicula ramosissima EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Navicula salinarum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Navicula tripunctata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Navicula yarrensis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia amphibia EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia brittonii EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia fonticola EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia frustulum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia insignis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia lanceolata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschiza lesbia
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia linearis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia lionella EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia longissima EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia lorenziana v. subtilis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia martiana EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia obtusa f. parva
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia palea EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia parvula EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia quickiana
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia reversa EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia rhopaloidioides
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia sigma EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia sigma v. intercedens EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia socialis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia spathulata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia ventricosa EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Nitzschia vidovichii EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Parlibellus berkeleyi EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Parlibellus delognei EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Parlibellus hamulifer EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Parlibellus tubulosus
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Petrodictyon gemma EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Petroneis granulata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Petroneis plagiostoma EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Petroneis transfuga EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Pinnularia gentilis EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Pinnularia robusta
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Plagiotropis lepidoptera EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Plagiotropis lepidoptera v. proboscidia EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Plagiotropis seriata
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Planothidium delicatulum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Planothidium ellipticum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Planothidium hauckianum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Pleurosigma aestuarii EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Pleurosigma angulatum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Pleurosigma balticum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Pleurosigma delicatulum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Pleurosigma elongatum v. gracilis
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Pleurosigma formosum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Pleurosigma intermedium EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Pleurosigma macrum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Pleurosigma rigidum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Psammodictyon constrictum EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Psammodictyon panduriforme EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Pseudo-nitzschia pungens EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Pseudo-nitzschia seriata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Rhopalodia gibberula EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Rhopalodia operculata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Stauroneis amphoroides EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Staurophora amphioxys EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Staurophora amphioxys v. producta
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Surirella fastuosa EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Trachyneis aspera EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Trachyneis brunii
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Tryblionella acuminata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Tryblionella acuta EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Tryblionella coarctata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Tryblionella granulata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Tryblionella granulata v. hyalina
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Tryblionella marginulata EOL
Bacillariophyceae: Raphid	Tryblionella marginulata v. didyma EOL

REFERENCES Cupp, EE. 1943. Marine plankton diatoms of the west coast of North America. Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr. Univ. Calif. 5: 1-238. Hasle, GR & EE Syvertsen. 1997. Marine Diatoms. In: CR Tomas (Ed.) Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. Academic Press. New York. 5-385. Medlin, LK & I Kaczmarska. 2004. Evolution of the Diatoms: V. Morphological and cytological support for the major clades and a taxonomic revision. Phycologia 43: 245—270. Round, FE, Crawford, RM & DG Mann. 1990. The Diatoms - Biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 760 pp. Theriot, EC, Cannone, JJ, Gutell, RR & AJ Alverson. 2009. The limits of nuclear-encoded SSU rDNA for resolving the diatom phylogeny.Eur. J. Phycol. 44: 277—290. Williams, DM & JP Kociolek. 2007. Pursuit of a natural classification of diatoms: History, monophyly and the rejection of paraphyletic taxa. Eur. J. Phycol. 42:313—319. Williams, DM & JP Kociolek. 2011. An overview of diatom classification with some prospects for the future. In: Seckbach, J & P Kociolek (Eds.): The Diatom World. (Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, 19), Springer Verlag, Duesseldorf. 580 pp.
Report by PE Hargraves Editing and page maintenance by LH Sweat For questions, comments or contributions, please contact us at: irl_webmaster@si.edu Page last updated: 14 June 2011
Copyright © 2011 Smithsonian Institution